Synthesis Biochemistry

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Synthesis Biochemistry
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-Synthesis Biochemistry
- Unit One: Enzymes
-Principles and classifications of Enzymes
- Mechanism action of Enzymes
- Enzyme Inhibition
- Regulation of Enzyme activity
- Enzymes in clinical diagnosis
- Unit Two: Carbohydrate Metabolism
-Chemistry of Carbohydrates
- Functions of Carbohydrates
- Digestion and absorption of Carbohydrates
- Glycolysis
- Glycogen Metabolism
- Glycogen storage diseases
- Pentose phosphate pathway
- The Cori - cycle
- Gluconeogenesis
- Unit Three: Integrative Metabolism Bioenergetics
-Introduction
- Structural basis of high energy phosphate
- Formation and utilization of ATP
- Catabolism of fuel molecules
- Concept of Free energy
- Oxidation-reduction reactions
- Aerobic energy generation
- Kreb’s cycle
- Function and regulation of kreb’s cycle
- Electron transport system and oxidative Phosphorylation
- Respiratory control
- Uncouplers
- Respiratory poisons
- Unit Four: Lipid Metabolism
-Classification of Lipids
- Types of Lipids
- Digestion and absorption of Lipids
- Metabolism of Fatty acids and Triacyl Glycerols
- β-Oxidation of Fatty acids
- Metabolism of Ketone bodies
- Biosynthesis of Fatty acids and triacyl glycerols
- Cholesterol Metabolism
- Atherosclerosis
- Hypercholesterolemic drugs
- Lipid storage diseases
- Fatty Liver
- Lipoproteins
- Chemical compositions of Membranes
- Unit Five: Amino acids and Proteins
-Classification of amino acids
- Properties of amino acids
- Peptides
- Glutathione synthesis
- Proteins
- Classifications of proteins
- Levels of organization of proteins
- Denaturation of proteins
- Hemoglobin and Myoglobin
- Sickle cell Hemoglobin
- Sickle cell disease, Sickle cell trait
- Digestion and absorption of proteins
- Amino acid catabolism
- Nitrogen balance, excretion and the urea cycle
- Defects in the urea cycle
- The Glucose - Alanine cycle
- Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism
- Amino acid derived nitrogenous compounds
- Clinical problems
- Unit Six: Vitamins and Coenzymes
-Water soluble vitamins
- Chemistry, sources, function and deficiency of: Thamine
- Riboflavin
- Niacin
- Pyridoxine
- Biotin
- Cobalamin
- Folic acid
- Panthothenic acid
-- Ascorbic acid
- Fat soluble vitamins
- Chemistry, Sources, function, deficiency and Hypervitaminosis of: Vitamin A
- Chemistry, Sources, function, deficiency and Hypervitaminosis of: Vitamin D
-- Chemistry, Sources, function, deficiency and Hypervitaminosis of: Vitamin E
- Chemistry, Sources, function, deficiency and Hypervitaminosis of: Vitamin K
- Unit Seven: Miniral Metabolism
-Mineral
- Sodium and potassium
-Calcium and Phosphate
- Trace elements
- Iron
- Copper
- Magnesium
- Flourine
- Iodine
- Zinc
- Selenium
- Unit Eight: Hormones
-Definition and classification OF Hormones
- Biosynthesis, storage, transport
- Mechanism of action of steroid hormones
- Mechanism of action of protein hormones
- Receptors and diseases
- Second messengers
- Insulin synthesis, secretion and metabolic role
- Diabetes mellitus
- Symptoms and complications of DM
- Glucagon
- Clinical aspects of hormones
- Thyroxin
- Synthesis and Metabolism
-Hypo and Hyper Thyroidism
- Goiter
- Catecholamines
-- Pheochromocytoma
- Unit Nine: Molecular Genetics
-Structure of Nucleic acids
- Types of Nucleic acids
- Replication of DNA
- DNA Damage and repair mechanism
- RNA synthesis
- Post transcriptional Modifications
- Translation/Protein synthesis
- Regulation of protein synthesis
- The Genetic code
- Post translational processes
- PDF files