Chrome extensions vs. Themes vs. Apps
# of extensions over time
Extensions: Boost browser functionality
Extensions extend the functionality of the browser and the websites being viewed in it. They are usually in effect across all websites (though some are site-specific).
Themes: Customize browser appearance
Themes personalize the appearance of the browser by changing the color scheme and background. Themes also change the appearance of everything from the tabs to the scrollbar. However, unlike extensions, changing a theme does not change how the browser works.
Applications: Enhanced web applications
Chrome Apps like like standard web apps with slightly more permissions. They are in the process of being shut down, as Progressive Web Apps take over.