Tic Tac Toe (XOXO,XO,Connect 4, 3 in a Row,Xs and Os)

Tic Tac Toe is a simple, classic paper-and-pencil game for two players, X and O, played on a 3×3 grid. Players take turns marking spaces, aiming to place three in a row horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. The game often ends in a draw with optimal play, making it an ideal tool for teaching good sportsmanship and strategic thinking.

Because the game is easy to implement, it is frequently used to illustrate artificial intelligence concepts, such as game-tree search and state-space analysis. It can be generalized to an m×n board with a k-in-a-row objective (the (m,n,k)-game), showing how a simple system scales to more complex AI and game-theory challenges.