سيكولوجية الجماهير

The Psychology of the Crowds is a book by the French world of crowd psychology or group psychology Gustave Le Bon. The Arabic version is translated and presented by Hashem Saleh. The first Arabic edition was published by Dar Al-Saqi in 1991. Although the book is one, the method of internal tabulation of the book includes three books; The first book, the second book, and the third book. After the translator’s introduction and the scientific principles that resulted from the writer’s discoveries, the preface, the preface, and the introduction to the book, the first book begins and the book ends with the third book, then the footnotes that deal with a detailed monitoring of the margins and references that the writer dealt with in writing his book The Psychology of the Masses. It is known that Le Bon's long life allowed him to witness the victory of science in the late nineteenth century, the crises of parliamentary democratic regimes, the emergence of socialism, and then the emergence of those popular forces that accompanied them and worried him a lot. Peoples or the psychology of peoples and human races. For Gustave Le Bon, the masses have become a reality, so he studied the phenomenon of the masses in a scientific way in the light of psychology. Confronting him, who explains that the weakness of the democratic parliamentary system is due to ignorance of the laws of psychology and the methods of conducting the masses. On the pages of this book, Le Bon expressed these ideas in an easy and simplified manner, which came in the form of an integrated and coherent scientific theory that made him an intellectual professor for an entire period. Everyone agrees that Le Bon's book, whose pages we turned, "Psychology of the Masses", was an unparalleled success in the studies of mass psychology. The book is the manifesto that inaugurated what is today called social or group psychology.

The translator's introduction to social psychology and the thought of Gustave Le Bon
It is well known that psychology is usually concerned with the study of individual psychology and is based on the introspection of the individual self, not the collective. As for social psychology, it is the science that studies the behavior of groups in society, not individuals. It flourished after World War II, and there is complete integration between the two sciences. Individual psychology is complemented by social psychology, because it is impossible to isolate individual behavior from its social environment. existed, but he was unable to reveal it, so it can be said that social psychology differs from individual psychology in terms of methodology and results. Social psychology has a long history that we can go back to the oldest philosophers of ages such as Aristotle and Plato, passing through the Arab thinker Ibn Khaldun who He studied the issue of the decline of the Islamic state in Spain in the fourteenth century. A distinction should be made between social psychology and group psychology. The second is a branch of the first. Social psychology looks at the relationship between the individual and society. As for group psychology, it searches for the issue of the charming attraction exerted by leaders on peoples, and it explains the enthusiastic behavior of individuals when they engage with groups. And they do things that they don't know until after they wake up. During his study of psychology, Le Bon collided with the issue of the masses and his aura, especially the masses represented by popular movements and terrorism. Le Bon was shown how to focus his attention and deal with it from a non-dominant point of view and build on it an integrated and coherent theory. Le Bon began by diagnosing the conditions of parliamentary democracy that resulted from the French Revolution. Le Bon felt contempt towards the popular masses, because the spirit of the masses is made up of primitive emotions that are always far from logic and rationality, and just as the spirit of the individual is always subject to the instructions and incitements of the leaders who know how to impose his will on them. Le Bon's idea, in a simple way, is that all the defeats that befell France were caused by the masses' attack on the stage of history. Le Bon's theses and ideas were against the socialist and labor movements that believed that the mass movement was a rational movement, and Le Bon believed otherwise.