Biochemical Techniques

📘 Biochemical Techniques (2026–2027 Edition)

Biochemical Techniques (2026–2027 Edition) is a research-oriented textbook for Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, & Bioanalytical Science students. It covers lab fundamentals, centrifugation, electrophoresis, chromatography, spectroscopy, immunochemical methods, molecular biology, protein purification, radiochemical techniques, & structural instrumentation. Full syllabus with unit-wise chapters, topic-wise coverage, MCQs, & quizzes for exams, lab research & higher study.

📗 Unit 1: Laboratory Basics, Safety & Sample Handling
• Lab organisation & SOPs
• Biosafety, hazard classification, waste disposal
• Aseptic technique & contamination control
• Pipette prep, calibration & validation
• Buffer systems, pH measurement, titration curves

📘 Unit 2: Centrifugation & Subcellular Fractionation
• Centrifugal force principles & rotor types
• Differential centrifugation (nuclei, mitochondria)
• Density gradient separation (sucrose, CsCl, Percoll)
• Sedimentation coefficients & purification metrics
• Organelle fractionation protocols

📙 Unit 3: Electrophoretic Separation Techniques
• Electrophoresis principles: charge, size, matrix
• Agarose gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids
• Native PAGE vs SDS-PAGE
• 2D electrophoresis (IEF + SDS-PAGE)
• Isoelectric focusing & pH gradient gels

📕 Unit 4: Chromatography Methods
• Adsorption vs partition theory
• Paper chromatography & Rf interpretation
• Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) prep & detection
• Gel-filtration (size-exclusion) for proteins
• Ion-exchange chromatography (cation/anion)

📒 Unit 5: Spectroscopy & Spectrometry
• Beer–Lambert law & calibration
• UV-Vis spectrophotometry (DNA, proteins)
• Fluorescence spectroscopy principles
• Flame photometry & atomic absorption
• Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF, LC-MS, GC-MS)

📔 Unit 6: Immunochemical & Binding Techniques
• Antigen–antibody binding & specificity
• ELISA: direct, indirect, sandwich, competitive
• Western blotting: transfer, blocking, detection
• Immunofluorescence & immunohistochemistry
• Co-immunoprecipitation & pull-down assays
• Monoclonal vs polyclonal antibody prep

📘 Unit 7: Molecular Biology Techniques
• Genomic DNA & total RNA isolation
• Restriction digestion, ligation, cloning, plasmids
• PCR: conventional, multiplex, qPCR
• RT-PCR & real-time gene expression
• Southern, Northern, Western blotting
• DNA sequencing: Sanger & NGS overview

📗 Unit 8: Protein Purification & Activity Analysis
• Protein assays: Biuret, Lowry, Bradford, BCA
• Fractionation: crude to purified protein
• Chromatography: affinity, ion-exchange, size
• Dialysis, ultrafiltration, buffer exchange
• Molecular weight via SDS-PAGE & gel filtration
• Enzyme activity assays & kinetics

📘 Unit 9: Radiochemical & Tracer Techniques
• Radioisotope basics: half-life, decay, units
• α, β, γ radiation & detection
• Isotopes in biomolecule labeling & tracing
• Instruments: scintillation, GM counters
• Common tracers: ³H, ¹⁴C, ³²P, ¹³¹I
• Radiation safety & regulatory compliance

📙 Unit 10: Advanced Instrumental & Structural Methods
• HPLC systems & method development
• GC, GC-MS, volatile analysis
• LC-MS: ionization, fragmentation, interpretation
• NMR: 1D & 2D structural elucidation
• X-ray crystallography: crystal to structure

📕 Unit 11: Data, Statistics, Reporting & Ethics
• Experimental design, replicates, controls
• Statistical tests: t-test, ANOVA, regression
• Error propagation, standard deviation, CV
• Data normalization & transformation

✨This app is inspired by the authors:
J. Jayaraman, Rodney Boyer, Keith Wilson, John Walker, and S. K. Sawhney

📲 Download now from Play Store to access the complete Biochemical Techniques (2026–2027 Edition) with detailed explanations, examples, analytical workflows, & research-oriented learning.